The Dilemma
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Results: The 'dilemma created by diagnostic uncertainty' emerged as a significant overarching theme with the following subthemes. Physiotherapists: (1) perceive that care-seekers want a clear diagnosis, (2) are challenged by diagnostic uncertainty, (3) are critical when patients fail to improve, (4) feel unprepared by traditional education models and (5) seek support from experienced colleagues. Physiotherapists report needing to: (1) educate care-seekers about their injury/diagnosis, despite diagnostic uncertainty, and (2)observe rapid health outcome improvements. They exhibit potentially negative behaviours, including blame attribution, when this does not occur.
Although some commentators insist that dilemma be restricted to instances in which the alternatives to be chosen are equally unsatisfactory, their concern is misplaced; the unsatisfactoriness of the options is usually a matter of how the author presents them. What is distressing or painful about a dilemma is having to make a choice one does not want to make. The use of such adjectives as terrible, painful, and irreconcilable suggests that dilemma is losing some of its unpleasant force.
In this provocative study, John Mendeloff shows that federal programs which set standards for toxic substances have twin dilemmas.The new standards that they establish are usually too strict and costly to justify the benefits they confer. But, at the same time, the slow pace of standard-setting means that many serious hazards are never addressed at all. Mendeloff argues that more extensive, but less strict, rulemaking could make both industry and workers better off and that changes in legislation are required to break the current stalemate.
ASF may go unnoticed until mortality becomes significantly raised several weeks after being introduced into domestic pig and wild boar populations, as observed under field conditions [2, 3]. However, improved passive surveillance, including targeted sampling and testing of dead animals, has been shown to promote early detection of ASF [3]. Paradoxically, effective surveillance that enables early detection of ASF before the occurrence of a large number of pig deaths, in combination with the rather low contagiousness, creates a dilemma in justifying the drastic culling of all animals. As a result of this dilemma, and building on an improved understanding of ASF epidemiology and biosecurity, partial stamping out has been discussed, and used under specific circumstances. Fit-for-purpose surveillance and control strategies are therefore essential.
Ronny (Vince Vaughn) and his best friend, Nick (Kevin James), are convinced that they have the next best thing when it comes to electric cars. A major car company agrees, allowing the friends a pivotal meeting during which they can unveil their prototype. But Ronny suddenly has a lot on his mind. He wants to finally propose to his devoted girlfriend, Beth (Jennifer Connelly), but that's not what's truly eating at him. The bigger issue is that he just witnessed Nick's wife, Geneva (Winona Ryder), canoodling with someone else. Hence Ronny's dilemma: Should he tell Nick
But a funny thing -- or, rather, an odd thing -- happens on the way to the ending: The movie shifts in tone and becomes serious, creating imbalance and, to some extent, confusion. Is this a comedy A drama A relationship how-to The Dilemma can't decide. (Perhaps that's why Queen Latifah's turn as an auto exec seems woefully underemphasized.) And that's its own essential dilemma.
Like in any profession, scientists are frequently faced with dilemmas: Can I exclude particular observations from my research Can I use exactly the same data set for multiple papers Should I agree on a colleague being a co-author on a paper to which she has not made a significant contribution The Dilemma Game confronts researchers with difficult dilemmas in the context of a critical dialogue, supporting them in further developing their own 'moral compass'. For years, the Dilemma Game was played as a card game, but in 2020 the game has been digitalized. The Dilemma Game app now allows researchers to use the game anytime, anywhere, on their own, or together with peers and colleagues.
The Dilemma Game app has been developed by Erasmus University Rotterdam (EUR) to stimulate awareness of, and an open and critical discussion about, integrity and professionalism in research. The game lets participants consider, choose and defend (and possibly reconsider) alternative courses of action regarding a realistic dilemma related to professionalism and integrity in research. Discussing research integrity is vital as it contributes to an open, safe, and inclusive research culture in which good research practices are deeply embedded.
The game consists of dilemmas with four possible courses of action which the players can choose from. It is important to note that due to the complexity of integrity-related dilemmas, there is no winning or losing in this game. Rather, by defending and discussing these choices in the context of a critical dialogue, the game aims to support researchers in further developing their moral compass. The game can be used in a variety of settings, and has three modes: Individual, Group, and Lecture. For instructions on playing the game, please download the instruction manual.
The original Dilemma Game was developed as one of the initiatives of the EUR Taskforce Scientific Integrity (chaired by prof. dr. Finn Wynstra). The 75 dilemmas included in the game have been collected through sessions at different EUR schools, and among researchers who use different research strategies and who are in different stages of their careers. The dilemma game has become part of the standard training in academic integrity for PhD students and researchers throughout The Netherlands.
In order to reach a wider audience and inspire continuous attention to the topic of research integrity, the Dilemma Game has been digitalized. Furthermore, benefits of an app include that the game can be played individually as well, and that it is much easier to add new relevant dilemmas to the game. The app has been developed in close cooperation with PhD students, (senior) researchers and integrity experts. 59ce067264
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